Eduqas GCSE (9-1) Geography A (C111) · Spec 7.1 and 7.2
Theme 7: social development
Read the notes, then try the questions. Each one is marked the moment you press Check, and shows the right answer and why.
Key ideas
- In Component 2 Section B you answer on Theme 7 or Theme 8, not both. This page is for Theme 7.
- Social development can be measured with health indicators (life expectancy, infant mortality, doctors per 1000 people) and gender indicators (female literacy, girls in secondary school).
- Better health care, vaccination and clean water lower the death rate. Girls' education, family planning and urbanisation help lower the birth rate.
- A refugee has fled conflict or persecution across a border. An asylum seeker has applied for protection and is waiting for a decision. An economic migrant moves by choice for work.
- Health care can be improved from the top down (government or international schemes) or from the bottom up (local health workers, community bed-net schemes).
Key terms
- Life expectancy
- The average number of years a person is expected to live.
- Infant mortality
- The number of babies who die before their first birthday, per 1000 births.
- Asylum seeker
- A person who has fled persecution or conflict and applied for protection in another country.
- Top-down
- Large-scale schemes led by governments or international bodies.
- Bottom-up
- Small-scale schemes led by local people and communities.
Common mistakes
- Treating an asylum seeker as an economic migrant. An asylum seeker has fled danger and asked for protection.
- Answering a birth-rate question with a factor that only changes the death rate. Healthcare cuts death rates; girls' education cuts birth rates.
- Describing each indicator separately when asked if the development gap is closing. Compare the two countries at both dates and say what the gap is doing.
Exam tip
A challenge caused by a disease is a consequence, such as lost workdays or strain on hospitals, not the cause of the disease. Put a developed point after it. When the question says birth rates or death rates, link every factor to that rate.
Free practice questions
5 questions, 5 marks. Answer, then press Check. The marking guide explains how the marks are worked out. Nothing is saved.