Eduqas GCSE (9-1) Geography B (C112) · Spec 1.3
A global perspective on development
Read the notes, then try the questions. Each one is marked the moment you press Check, and shows the right answer and why.
Key ideas
- Development is measured with indicators. Economic ones include GNI per head. Social ones include infant mortality rate and life expectancy. The Human Development Index combines income, education and life expectancy.
- Using economic data together with social data gives a fuller picture than either on its own. Averages can hide big gaps inside a country.
- Countries are grouped as HICs, NICs and LICs. A NIC is a newly industrialised country, where manufacturing has grown fast.
- Globalisation is growing connections between countries through trade, travel, communication and finance.
- MNCs bring jobs and investment to host countries. They can also take profits abroad and pay low wages.
- Trade can be shaped by tariffs and trade blocs. Fair trade pays producers a guaranteed fair price. Aid can be short-term emergency help or long-term development help.
Key terms
- GNI per head
- A country's total income for a year divided by its population.
- Infant mortality rate
- The number of babies who die in their first year for every 1,000 born alive.
- Human Development Index (HDI)
- A measure that combines income, education and life expectancy.
- NIC
- A newly industrialised country, where manufacturing has grown fast.
- Globalisation
- Growing connections between countries through trade, travel, communication and finance.
- MNC
- A multinational corporation: a company that operates in more than one country.
- Tariff
- A tax placed on imported goods.
- Trade bloc
- A group of countries that agree to trade with each other on favourable terms.
- Bilateral aid
- Aid given directly from one government to another.
Common mistakes
- Mixing up exports and imports. Exports are goods sold abroad. Imports are goods bought from abroad.
- Mixing up a trade bloc with a trade embargo. A bloc is a trading group. An embargo is a ban on trade.
- Thinking a NIC is a very poor country. NICs have grown fast and are moving up.
- Thinking 'social' data means friends or social media. Social data is about health, education and quality of life.
Exam tip
A define question wants the exact meaning in a short sentence. An example is not a definition. When a question asks you to describe a pattern in data, quote figures from the table or graph, because a description without figures loses marks.
Free practice questions
7 questions, 15 marks. Answer, then press Check. The marking guide explains how the marks are worked out. Nothing is saved.
- Question 1 · Multiple choice[1 mark]
Which development indicator is measured in deaths per 1,000 live births?
- Question 2 · True or false[3 marks]
Decide whether each statement about measuring development is true or false.
1. The Human Development Index combines income, education and life expectancy.
2. Infant mortality is the total number of babies who die in a country.
3. Fewer people per doctor suggests better access to healthcare.
- Question 3 · Matching[4 marks]
Match each strategy to how it works.
- Question 4 · Choose more than one[2 marks]
Which TWO are consequences of uneven development between countries?
Choose 2.
- Question 5 · Multiple choice[1 mark]
What is the name for a group of countries that agree to trade with each other on favourable terms?
- Question 6 · Fill the gaps[1 mark]
Aid given directly from one government to another is called ___ aid.
Word bank: bilateral · voluntary · multilateral
- Question 7 · Fill the gaps[3 marks]
Complete the sentences using the word box. Taxes placed on imported goods are called ___. Groups of countries that agree to trade freely together are called ___. A ban on trade with a country is called an ___.
Word bank: trade blocs · tariffs · exports · embargo