Pearson Edexcel GCSE (9-1) Geography B (1GB0) · Spec 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3
Challenges of an urbanising world
Read the notes, then try the questions. Each one is marked the moment you press Check, and shows the right answer and why.
Key ideas
- Urbanisation is a rise in the share of a country's people who live in towns and cities. A city getting bigger does not always mean the country is urbanising.
- Cities grow through rural-urban migration and natural increase. Push factors drive people out of the countryside, such as few services. Pull factors draw them to cities, such as better paid jobs.
- A megacity is a city with more than 10 million people.
- In many developing-world cities there are too few formal jobs, so many people work in the informal sector out of necessity.
- Cities change through suburbanisation, counter-urbanisation and de-industrialisation.
Key terms
- Urbanisation
- A rise in the percentage of a country's people living in urban areas.
- Push factor
- A negative feature of a place that makes people want to leave.
- Pull factor
- An attraction of a place that draws people in.
- Counter-urbanisation
- People moving out of cities to live in the countryside.
- De-industrialisation
- The decline of manufacturing, as factories close and fewer people work in industry.
Common mistakes
- Mixing up counter-urbanisation with urbanisation. They are opposite movements.
- Giving the causes when asked to define de-industrialisation. A definition says what it is: the decline of manufacturing.
- Saying pull factors are negatives that push people out. Those are push factors.
Exam tip
Define means give the meaning only. Do not add reasons. A 1-mark Identify or State needs one short line. For Explain one (2 marks), give a point and then develop it by saying how or why.
Free practice questions
7 questions, 16 marks. Answer, then press Check. The marking guide explains how the marks are worked out. Nothing is saved.
- Question 1 · Multiple choice[1 mark]
What does the term urbanisation mean?
- Question 2 · True or false[3 marks]
Decide whether each statement about urbanisation is true or false.
1. Rural-urban migration is the movement of people from the countryside to cities.
2. Pull factors are negatives that push people out of a place.
3. Natural increase happens when more babies are born than people die.
- Question 3 · Fill the gaps[2 marks]
Urbanisation is the increase in the ___ of people living in ___ areas.
Word bank: rural · percentage · number · urban
- Question 4 · Matching[4 marks]
Match each migration term to its meaning.
- Question 5 · Choose more than one[2 marks]
Which TWO statements about push and pull factors are correct?
Choose 2.
- Question 6 · Matching[3 marks]
Match each process that changes a city to its meaning.
- Question 7 · Multiple choice[1 mark]
Which is a push factor that encourages people to leave rural areas?